Stem Cells Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Stem Cells, including details on research, transplants, therapy, benefits.

Stem cells for regenerative medicine-Biological attributes and clinical application.

Gordon MY

Department of Haematology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, UK.

The place of stem cells in the therapeutic armamentarium is currently subject to intense scrutiny. One issue is the nature of the stem cells themselves, and their relationship to better-known stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells. Here it is argued that the stem cells we propose for therapeutic application may be more closely related to embryonic cells than are hematopoietic stem cells. A second issue is how the stem cells may best be manipulated for therapeutic use; this includes stem cell purification, amplification, fate selection, and suitability for clinical use.

Published 13 May 2008 in Exp Hematol, 36(6): 726-32.
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Articles on Stem Cells published 13 May 2008:

TNFalpha protects tissue resident stem cells from H(2)O(2) induced apoptosis through a novel NF-small ka, CyrillicB p50/p50 homodimer mediated signaling pathway.   Biochem Biophys Res Commun.

The objective of our study was to determine whether TNFalpha can protect tissue resident stem cells from hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was measured via fluorescence activated flow cytometry of fluorescein-conjugated Annexin V in passage 3 human ASCs. Our data show that application of 300muM H(2)O(2) for 3h induced a high number of cells to undergo apoptosis. The number of apoptotic cells significantly decreased when cells were preincubated with TNFalpha. TNFalpha ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma enhance bone formation in sinus grafting: a histomorphometric study in minipigs.   J Clin Periodontol, 35(6): 539-46.

OBJECTIVES: Autologous, allogenic, and alloplastic materials for sinus augmentation have specific drawbacks, which has stimulated an ongoing search for new materials and tissue-engineering constructs. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) seeded on a fluorohydroxyapatite (FH) scaffold can improve bone formation and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) in maxillary sinus grafting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Stem Cells published 12 May 2008:

HMGB1-stimulated human primary cardiac fibroblasts exert a paracrine action on human and murine cardiac stem cells.   J Mol Cell Cardiol, 44(4): 683-93.

High Mobility Box 1 Protein (HMGB1) is a cytokine released into the extracellular space by necrotic cells and activated macrophages in response to injury. We recently demonstrated that HMGB1 administration into the mouse heart during acute myocardial infarction induces cardiac tissue regeneration by activating resident cardiac c-kit+ cells (CSCs) and significantly enhances left ventricular function. In the present study it was analyzed the hypothesis that human cardiac fibroblasts (cFbs) ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Effect of tissue-harvesting site on yield of stem cells derived from adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies.   Cell Tissue Res, 332(3): 415-26.

The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue contains an abundant population of multipotent adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) that possess the capacity to differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage in vitro. For cell-based therapies, an advantageous approach would be to harvest these SVF cells and give them back to the patient within a single surgical procedure, thereby avoiding lengthy and costly in vitro culturing steps. However, this requires SVF-isolates to contain ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Characterization of chemical components in extracts from Si-wu decoction with proliferation-promoting effects on rat mesenchymal stem cells.   Bioorg Med Chem, 16(9): 5109-14.

Si-wu decoction (SDE), a classic prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been used for the treatment of a variety of anaemia in China for centuries. In order to explore the scientific basis of the formula, we investigated the relationship between its chemical components and proliferation-promoting effects on rat marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Twenty (F-1-F-20) components were obtained and their proliferation-promoting effects on MSCs were investigated. The results ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells accelerate early remodeling of tendon-bone healing.   Cell Tissue Res, 332(3): 469-78.

Tendon-bone healing is important for the successful reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by using the hamstring tendon. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted much interest because of their self-renewing potential and multipotentiality for possible clinical use. We previously reported that MSCs derived from synovium had a higher proliferation and differentiation potential than the other MSCs that we examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Effects of extracellular matrix and neighboring cells on induction of human embryonic stem cells into retinal or retinal pigment epithelial progenitors.   Exp Eye Res.

To determine the effects of extracellular matrix and neighboring cells on the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into progenitors of retinal cells and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). HESC were cultured on mouse PA6 stromal cells for approximately 2weeks to obtain neural progenitors. To induce photoreceptor marker expression, the neural progenitors were cultured on a confluent monolayer of ARPE19 or on laminin-coated dishes. To induce RPE markers, the neural progenitors ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Effects of gangliosides on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts by modulating epidermal growth factor receptors.   Biochem Biophys Res Commun.

Gangliosides are sialic acid-conjugated glycosphingolipids that are believed to regulate cell differentiation as well as the signals of several signal molecules, including epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). These compounds are localized in a glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomain on the cell surface and regulated by the glycosphingolipid composition. However, the role that gangliosides play in osteoblastogenesis is not yet clearly understood, therefore, in this study, the relationship ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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